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Lesson 29: How Does the First Amendment Protect Free Expression?


Primary Sources


An Apology for Printers by Benjamin Franklin (1731)

Franklin believed in the trade of printing as indispensable to his highest goals for society: the spread of knowledge and ideas necessary to self-governance. He laid out these views in his essay "An Apology for Printers."

Link: https://bit.ly/2qdL7Mr


Bill of Rights, as submitted for ratification

The Bill of Rights as it was submitted to the states for ratification. It included a preamble and ten proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Link: https://bit.ly/2odaRsY


Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England

From Wikipedia: The Commentaries on the Laws of England are an influential 18th century treatise on the common law of England by Sir William Blackstone, originally published by the Clarendon Press at Oxford, 1765-1769.

Link: http://tinyurl.com/yhf39sr


De Libellis Famosis (1606)

From Wikipedia: The crime of seditious libel was defined and established in England during the 1606 case De Libellis Famosis by the Star Chamber. The case defined seditious libel as criticism of public persons, the government, or King.

Link: http://tinyurl.com/yj3b6hb


English Bill of Rights 1689

Act passed by the British Parliament in 1689 enumerating rights of British subjects and residents.

Link: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/england.asp


Magna Carta

From Wikipedia: Magna Carta, is an English legal charter, originally issued in 1215. Magna Carta required King John to proclaim certain rights, respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be restricted by the law.

Link: http://www.constitution.org/eng/magnacar.htm


Massachusetts Body of Liberties, 1641

From Wikipedia: The Massachusetts Body of Liberties was the first legal code to be established by European colonists in New England.

Link: https://history.hanover.edu/texts/masslib.html


Petition of Right

From Wikipedia: The Petition of Right is a major English constitutional document, which sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing.

Link: http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/petition.html


United States Bill of Rights

From Wikipedia: In the United States, the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are known. They were introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of articles, and came into effect on December 15, 1791, when they had been ratified by three quarters of the states.

Link: http://www.constitution.org/billofr_.htm


United States Constitution

The supreme law of the United States that provides the framework for the government. The Constitution outlines the nation's institutions of government and the most important rights of the people. The document was created in 1787 during the Philadelphia Convention. The government created by the Constitution took effect on March 4, 1789.

Link: http://civiced.org/constitution


Virginia Declaration of Rights

Virginia Declaration of Rights

Link: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/virginia.asp